ASTM C1207-2010 无源中子符合计数法测定废弃物中钚的无损检验的标准试验方法
时间:2024-05-16 05:32:17 来源: 标准资料网 作者：标准资料网 阅读：8159
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforNondestructiveAssayofPlutoniuminScrapandWastebyPassiveNeutronCoincidenceCounting
【原文标准名称】:无源中子符合计数法测定废弃物中钚的无损检验的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMC1207-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:C26.10
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:无损检验;无源中子符合计数;钚;废弃和废物;符合计数法;电测量;中子计数;无损评估-核应用;核废物和废弃材料;钚-核废物和废弃材料;热-中子符合计数
【英文主题词】:nondestructiveassay;passiveneutroncoincidencecounting;plutonium;scrapandwaste;Coincidencecounting;Electricalmeasurements;Neutroncounting;Nondestructiveevaluation(NDE)--nuclearapplications;Nuclearscrapandwastematerials;Plutonium--n
【摘要】:ThistestmethodisusefulfordeterminingtheplutoniumcontentofscrapandwasteincontainersrangingfromsmallcanswithvolumesoftheorderofamLtocratesandboxesofseveralthousandlitersinvolume.Acommonapplicationwouldbeto208-L(55-gal)drums.TotalPucontentrangesfrom10mgto6kg(1).Theupperlimitmayberestricteddependingonspecificmatrix,calibrationmaterial,criticalitysafety,orcountingequipmentconsiderations.ThistestmethodisapplicableforU.S.DepartmentofEnergyshipper/receiverconfirmatorymeasurements(9),nuclearmaterialdiversiondetection,andInternationalAtomicEnergyAgencyattributesmeasurements(10).Thistestmethodshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithascrapandwastemanagementplanthatsegregatesscrapandwasteassayitemsintomaterialcategoriesaccordingtosomeorallofthefollowingcriteria:bulkdensity,thechemicalformsoftheplutoniumandthematrix,americiumtoplutoniumisotopicratio,andhydrogencontent.Packagingforeachcategoryshouldbeuniformwithrespecttosize,shape,andcompositionofthecontainer.EachmaterialcategorymightrequirecalibrationstandardsandmayhavedifferentPumasslimits.Biasinpassiveneutroncoincidencemeasurementsisrelatedtoitemsizeanddensity,thehomogeneityandcompositionofthematrix,andthequantityanddistributionofthenuclearmaterial.Theprecisionofthemeasurementresultsisrelatedtothequantityofnuclearmaterial,the(x03B1;,n)reactionrate,andthecounttimeofthemeasurement.Forbothbenignmatrixandmatrixspecificmeasurements,themethodassumesthecalibrationreferencematerialsmatchtheitemstobemeasuredwithrespecttothehomogeneityandcompositionofthematrix,theneutronmoderatorandabsorbercontent,andthequantityofnuclearmaterial,totheextenttheyaffectthemeasurement.Measurementsofsmallercontainerscontainingscrapandwastearegenerallymoreaccuratethanmeasurementsoflargeritems.Itisrecommendedthatwherefeasiblemeasurementsbemadeonitemswithhomogeneouscontents.Heterogeneityinthedistributionofnuclearmaterial,neutronmoderators,andneutronabsorbershavethepotentialtocausebiasedresults.Thecoincidentneutronproductionratesmeasuredbythistestmethodarerelatedtothemassoftheevennumberisotopesofplutonium.Iftherelativeabundancesoftheseisotopesarenotaccuratelyknown,biasesinthetotalPuassayvaluewillresult.Typicalcounttimesareintherangeof300to3600s.Reliableresultsfromtheapplicationofthismethodrequiretrainingofthepersonnelwhopackagethescrapandwastepriortomeasurementandofpersonnelwhoperformthemeasurements.TrainingguidanceisavailablefromANSI15.20,Guides,C1009,C1068,andC1490.1.1Thistestmethoddescribesthenondestructiveassayofscraporwasteforplutoniumcontentusingpassivethermal-neutroncoincidencecounting.Thistestmethodprovidesrapidresultsandcanbeappliedtoavarietyofcarefullysortedmaterialsincontainersaslargeasseveralthousandlitersinvolume.Thetestmethodappliestomeasurementsof238Pu,240Pu,and242Puandhasbeenusedtoassayitemswhosetotalplutoniumcontentrangesfrom10mgto6kg(1).1.2Thistestmethodrequiresknowledgeoftherel......
【中国标准分类号】:Z33
【国际标准分类号】:13_030_30
【页数】:11P.;A4
【正文语种】:
【英文标准名称】:Methodsofmeasurementforradiotransmitters;transposersforFMsoundbroadcasting;identicalwithIEC60244-11:1989
【原文标准名称】:无线电发射机测量方法.第11部分:无线电差转机测量方法
【标准号】:DINIEC60244-11-1990
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:1990-11
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:测试信号;干扰信号;电信;无线电工程;差转机;额定值;工艺;性能;试验条件;详细规范;定义;电学测量;发射机;检验荷载;声音广播;信号;额定功率;频率;合格试验;广播;测量技术;测量仪器;测量;电气工程;调幅;试验;电性质和电
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:ThisstandardlaysdownmethodsofmeasurementforassessingtheessentialperformanceandgeneralcharacteristicsofFMsoundbroadcastingtransposers.
【中国标准分类号】:M74
【国际标准分类号】:33_170
【页数】:14P;A4
【正文语种】:德语
【英文标准名称】:Softwareengineering-Productquality-Part4:Qualityinusemetrics
【原文标准名称】:软件工程.产品质量.第4部分:使用质量的度量
【标准号】:ISO/IECTR9126-4-2004
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:2004-04
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际标准化组织(IX-ISO)
【起草单位】:ISO/IECJTC1/SC7
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:计算机;可靠度;计算机软件;信息处理;计算机程序;特性;数据处理;特性;度量标准;评定;信息技术;工作特性;软件;质量
【英文主题词】:Characteristics;Computerprograms;Computersoftware;Computers;Dataprocessing;Evaluations;Informationprocessing;Informationtechnology;Metric;Performancecharacteristics;Properties;Quality;Reliability;Software
【摘要】:ThisTechnicalReportdefinesqualityinusemetricsforthecharacteristicsdefinedinISO/IEC9126-1,andisintendedtobeusedtogetherwithISO/IEC9126-1.ThisTechnicalReportcontains:?anexplanationofhowtoapplysoftwarequalitymetrics;?abasicsetofmetricsforeachcharacteristic;?anexampleofhowtoapplymetricsduringthesoftwareproductlifecycle.Itincludesasinformativeannexesaqualityinuseevaluationprocessandareportingformat.ThisTechnicalReportdoesnotassignrangesofvaluesofthesemetricstoratedlevelsortogradesofcompliance,becausethesevaluesaredefinedforeachsoftwareproductorapartofthesoftwareproduct,byitsnature,dependingonsuchfactorsascategoryofthesoftware,integritylevelandusers'needs.Someattributesmayhaveadesirablerangeofvalues,whichdoesnotdependonspecificuserneedsbutdependsongenericfactors,i.e.humancognitivefactors.ThisTechnicalReportcanbeappliedtoanykindofsoftwareforanyapplication.UsersofthisTechnicalReportcanselectormodifyandapplymetricsandmeasuresfromthisTechnicalReportormaydefineapplication-specificmetricsfortheirindividualapplicationdomain.Forexample,thespecificmeasurementofqualitycharacteristicssuchassafetyorsecuritymaybefoundinInternationalStandardsorTechnicalReportsprovidedbyIEC65andISO/IECJTC1/SC27.IntendedusersofthisTechnicalReportinclude:?Acquirer(anindividualororganizationthatacquiresorprocuresasystem,softwareproductorsoftwareservicefromasupplier);?Evaluator(anindividualororganizationthatperformsanevaluation.Anevaluatormay,forexample,beatestinglaboratory,thequalitydepartmentofasoftwaredevelopmentorganization,agovernmentorganizationoruser);?Developer(anindividualororganizationthatperformsdevelopmentactivities,includingrequirementsanalysis,designandtestingthroughacceptanceduringthesoftwarelifecycleprocess);?Maintainer(anindividualororganizationthatperformsmaintenanceactivities);?Supplier(anindividualororganizationthatentersintoacontractwiththeacquirerforthesupplyofasystem,softwareproductorsoftwareserviceunderthetermsofthecontract)whenvalidatingsoftwarequalityatqualificationtest;?User(anindividualororganizationthatusesthesoftwareproducttoperformaspecificfunction)whenevaluatingqualityofsoftwareproductatacceptancetest;?Qualitymanager(anindividualororganizationthatperformsasystematicexaminationofthesoftwareproductorsoftwareservices)whenevaluatingsoftwarequalityaspartofqualityassuranceandqualitycontrol.
【中国标准分类号】:L77
【国际标准分类号】:35_080
【页数】:51P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语