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【英文标准名称】:Silageandliquidmanurecontainers-Part2:Designprinciples-Silageandliquidmanurecontainersmadeofreinforcedconcrete,precastreinforcedconcreteelements,concreteblocksandconcreteblocksactingaslostformwork
【原文标准名称】:青贮料和厩液容器.第2部分:设计原则.加筋混凝土、加筋混凝土预制件、混凝土块和混凝土模板块制青贮料和厩液容器
【标准号】:DIN11622-2-2004
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:2004-06
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:B93
【国际标准分类号】:65_060_25;65_040_20
【页数】:7P;A4
【正文语种】:德语


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminationofFireandThermalParametersofMaterials,Products,andSystemsUsinganIntermediateScaleCalorimeter(ICAL)
【原文标准名称】:使用中等规模量热计(ICAL)测定材料、产品和系统燃烧和热参数的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME1623-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2009
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E05.21
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:effectivespecificheat;effectivethermalconductivity;emissivity;heatreleaserate;ignitability;intermediatescalecalorimeter;masslossrate;oxygenconsumptionmethod;smokereleaserate;surfacetemperature;Heatrelease;Timetoignitio
【摘要】:Thistestmethodisusedprimarilytodeterminetheheatreleaserateofmaterials,products,andassemblies.Otherparametersaretheeffectiveheatofcombustion,masslossrate,thetimetoignition,smokeandgasproduction,emissivity,andsurfacetemperature.Examplesoftestspecimensareassembliesofmaterialsorproductsthataretestedintheirend-usethickness.Therefore,thetestmethodissuitableforassessingtheheatreleaserateofawallassembly.Representativejointsandothercharacteristicsofanassemblyshallbeincludedinaspecimenwhenthesedetailsarepartofnormaldesign.Thistestmethodisapplicabletoend-useproductsnothavinganideallyplanarexternalsurface.Theradiantfluxfieldshallbeadjustedtobethatwhichisdesiredattheaveragedistanceofthesurfacefromtheradiantpanel.Inthisprocedure,thespecimensaresubjectedtooneormorespecificsetsoflaboratorytestconditions.Ifdifferenttestconditionsaresubstitutedortheend-useconditionsarechanged,itisnotalwayspossiblebyorfromthistesttopredictchangesinthefire-test-responsecharacteristicsmeasured.Therefore,theresultsarevalidonlyforthefiretestexposureconditionsdescribedinthisprocedure.TestLimitations:Thetestresultshavelimitedvalidityif:(a)thespecimenmeltssufficientlytooverflowthedriptray,or(b)explosivespallingoccurs.Exercisecautionininterpretingresultsofspecimensthatsag,deform,ordelaminateduringatest.Reportobservationsofsuchbehavior.1.1Thisfire-test-responsestandardassessestheresponseofmaterials,products,andassembliestocontrolledlevelsofradiantheatexposurewithorwithoutanexternalignitor.1.2Thefire-test-responsecharacteristicsdeterminedbythistestmethodincludetheignitability,heatreleaserates,masslossrates,visiblesmokedevelopment,andgasreleaseofmaterials,products,andassembliesunderwellventilatedconditions.1.3Thistestmethodisalsosuitablefordeterminingmanyoftheparametersorvaluesneededasinputforcomputerfiremodels.Examplesofthesevaluesincludeeffectiveheatofcombustion,surfacetemperature,ignitiontemperature,andemissivity.1.4Thistestmethodisalsointendedtoprovideinformationaboutotherfireparameterssuchasthermalconductivity,specificheat,radiativeandconvectiveheattransfercoefficients,flameradiationfactor,airentrainmentrates,flametemperatures,minimumsurfacetemperaturesforupwardanddownwardflamespread,heatofgasification,nondimensionalheatofgasification(1)andthex03A6;flamespreadparameter(seeTestMethodE1321).Whilesomestudieshaveindicatedthatthistestmethodissuitablefordeterminingthesefireparameters,insufficienttestingandresearchhavebeendonetojustifyinclusionofthecorrespondingtestingandcalculatingprocedures.1.5Theheatreleaserateisdeterminedbytheprincipleofoxygenconsumptioncalorimetry,viameasurementoftheoxygenconsumptionasdeterminedbytheoxygenconcentrationandflowrateintheexhaustproductstream(exhaustduct).Theprocedureisspecifiedin11.1.Smokedevelopmentisquantifiedbymeasuringtheobscurationoflightbythecombustionproductstream(exhaustduct).1.6Specimensareexposedtoaconstantheatingfluxintherangeof0to50kW/m2inaverticalorientation.Hotwiresareusedtoignitethecombustiblevaporsfromthespecimenduringtheignitionandheatreleasetests.Theassessmentoftheparametersassociatedwithflamespreadrequirestheuseo......
【中国标准分类号】:C80
【国际标准分类号】:91_100_01
【页数】:22P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语